There is limited, inconclusive evidence suggesting the Yamasee language was similar to Guale. /CA 1.0 : Blackwell Publishers, 1996. The Trick Is That TheBerbersMixed In With These People And The Arabs Mixed In With These People Which Is Why There Are So Many Light-Skinned, Straight-Haired People In Morocco. Fard,AndTheHonorableElijahMuhammad,They Raised The Flag OfThe Mahdi Of The Sudan,MuhammadAhmadAlMahdi (1845-1885A.D.)The WordSudanComes From The WordAswad,From WhereAswanComes From, The Seat OfKarnakIn Ancient Egypt. Infuriated by the practices of the colonists, the Yamasees resolved to go to war against them, forming a pan-tribal coalition and initiating a two-year long war by attacking the colonial settlement of Charles Town on April 15, 1715. 1650, probably too low. The Red Flag With The White Star And Crescent, As Used By The Nation Of Islam, And Taught To Be Our Flag Is None Other Than A Turkish Flag As Their FounderMaster Fard MuhammadWas A Descendant From The Turks. Print; Share; Edit; Delete; Report an issue; Live modes. Highlights - People living in Orangeburg are 20.2% more likely to have a religous affiliation, than people living in Yemassee. Their name may derive from the Spanish pronunciation of the Timucuan word atimoqua, which means "lord" or "chief." The Timucua probably numbered between 200,000 and 300,000 people organized into various chiefdoms speaking a common language. For other uses, see Yamasee (disambiguation). [/Pattern /DeviceRGB] Apalachee country which were occupied by Yamasee or their near Ocmulgee River not far above its junction with the Oconee in And according to wiki submitter s they are extinct and without language! The Yamasees were later included in the missions of the Guale province. ", "The Yamasee in South Carolina: Native American Adaptation and Interaction along the Carolina Frontier", "The Misconnection of Guale and Yamasee with Muskogean", Yamasee artifacts found in South Carolina dig, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yamasee&oldid=1137806204, Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands, Native American tribes in Georgia (U.S. state), "Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2022, Language articles with unreferenced extinction date, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, a copy of a 1681 Florida missions census that states that the people of, a summary of two 1688 letters, sent by the Spanish Florida governor, that mentions prisoners speaking the "ydioma Yguala y Yamas, de la Prova de Guale" [the Yguala and Yamas language of the province of Guale]; and, Anderson, William L. and James L. Lewis (1983). been interpreted by Muskogee yamasi, "gentle." Particularly The Yamassee War of 1715 and the Trail of Tears. Governor Craven and took refuge in Florida, where, until the Some moved to Florida. <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 21 0 R 22 0 R 23 0 R 31 0 R 39 0 R 44 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Our Yamassee Tribe Of Native American Moors Even Fought Alongside The British Against TheTuscarorasNative American Tribe, Our Long Time Enemy. /BitsPerComponent 8 [18] Indian captives of the Yamasees were transported to colonial settlements throughout Carolina, where they were sold to white colonists; frequently, many of these captives were then resold to West Indian slave plantations. So It Is Important That We Identify With What Can Be Found On Documents. The missionaries hoped that if the "prince" converted to Christianity while in London, it would ensure the Yamasee would become firm allies of the British colonists. Taught ByDuse Muhammad AliWho Also TaughtProphet NobleDrew Ali,Who TaughtW.D. When Morocco Was Put Under French Rule And Added To That Red Flag That You See Today. Students progress at their own pace and you see a leaderboard and live results. [14] They established several villages, including Pocotaligo, Tolemato, and Topiqui, in Beaufort County. Yemassee is pronounced YAM . Native American: Queen Annes War (170213) and the Yamasee War (171516). 1 0 obj Welcome to Love's! They would have special ceremonies before going to battle, leaving on a hunt, and when trying to heal sick people. Tribal territory of the Yamasees during the seventeenth century, Indian slave trade in the American Southeast, a copy of a 1681 Florida missions census that states that the people of, a summary of two 1688 letters, sent by the Spanish Florida governor, that mentions prisoners speaking the "ydioma Yguala y Yamas, de la Prova de Guale" [the Yguala and Yamas language of the province of Guale]; and. It is also used for the title of William Gilmore Simms' 1835 historical novel The Yemassee: A Romance of Carolina, and by extension, Yemassee, the official literary journal of the University of South Carolina. There Was No Division Between North Or South America And Africa And Arabia, And There Was NoRed Sea,And There Was No Such Thing As The Middle East. /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB Please find a listing below of helpful resources to make your move a smooth one! Around the period that the "prince" travelled to London, the Yamasees were largely unwilling to be culturally assimilated by the Spanish, choosing to maintain stronger contacts with British colonists instead. From their residence near Savannah river they have frequently been confused with the "Savannahs," or Shawano, and the Yuchi. Missions were established in their territory by the Spaniards about 1570, and they lived under the jurisdiction of the Spanish government of Florida until 1687, when, in consequence of an attempt to transport a number of their people as laborers to the West Indies, they revolted, attacked a number of the mission settlements and peaceful Indians, and then fled north across Savannah river to the English colony of South Carolina. Cambridge, Mass. [12], In 1570, Spanish explorers established missions in Yamasee territory. Yemassee Tribe DRAFT. Yamassee warriors and those from other tribes fell upon a party of white traders and their families, killing about 90 . When You Look Into The Greek You GetNeeger(Niger)And They Give The Meaning Of The WordBlack,As Used For The Color In Todays Dialects Derived From The Ancient Romans As Latin And Greek. The People There Were Already Dark Olive-Toned Skin And Woolly Haired, SimplyMoors. Although each tribe and region was different, the division of labor between men and women was generally similar across most of the Native American tribes. Are the Seminoles a Native American tribe? on the north side of Savannah River on a tract afterward known of their name in the form Yamiscaron as that of a province with near St. Augustine, but by that time the tribe had probably scattered "Yamasee". They Cheated Our Yamassee Tribe By Taking Our Land And Never Paying For It. It is impossible to separate distinctly the true Yamasee from 2023 SCIWAY.net, LLC | All Rights Reserved, Yamassee Indian Tribe (The Yamassee Nation), Traditional: Near the mouth of the Savannah River in, A 1707 state act defined the boundaries of the 'Yamosee Settlement' as being the area from the Combahee River on the north to the Coosaw, Port Royal and Savannah Rivers on the south (. as the Indian land and remained there in alliance with the colonists As late as 1812 a small band retained the name among the Seminole, and some settled among the Hitchiti, but they have now completely disappeared. /ca 1.0 They ate seafood as a regular part of their diet. conscientious objector(n.) 1896, in reference to those with religious scruples about mandatory vaccination. Divining America: Religion in American History 17th and 18th Centuries Essay: A fairly satisfactory Spanish census, taken in 1736, indicates Edit. In R. D. Fogelson (Ed. In 1727 their village near St Augustine was attacked and destroyed by the English, and their Indian allies and most of the inhabitants were killed. borders, but they are rather to be connected with the aboriginal Captives from other Native American tribes were sold into slavery, some shipped out to Caribbean plantations. 3rd grade . From that time they were known as allies of the Spaniards and enemies of the English, against whom they made frequent raids in company with other Florida Indians. @: 6q.ZW"q@@&0~ptk #=OV"0QEX=?~Y21 Craven at Salkechuh (Saltketchers) on the Combahee and driven across the Savannah. The Oklawaha Band Of Seminole Is Said To Have Been Descended From Our Yamassee Tribe. The name Chiluque is probably a loanword, as it seems also to have been absorbed into the Timucua language. Being All Of His-Story Is Recorded In These Languages And Not In Arabic Or Hebrew, Then Whenever They Made Reference To Our Rights, What We Owned, And What WeDid As The Civilizers Of All Of Europe, On All Of The European Coat Of Arms, You Will Find Us As A Race, Not Being Called Negro Or African Or Colored Or Nubians, Or Afro-Americans But RatherMoor. the Guale Indians. Others returned to the Savannah River lands, which were safer after the Westo had been destroyed. /Subtype /Image Coosawhatchie River in Jasper County, SC. The Yamassee War(1715-1716 A.D.)In The United States Colonial History Is The Conflict Between Us Native Americans And British Colonists In The Southeastern Area Of South Carolina. The first reference to the Yamasee appears to be a mention At Love's, our values go beyond our name. This does not include Yamacraw. [13], Pirate attacks on the Spanish missions in 1680 forced the Yamasees to migrate again. Sequoyah (17671843), leader and inventor of the Cherokee writing system that took the tribe from an illiterate group to one of the best educated peoples in the country during the early-to-mid 1800s. When English settlers came to the area, they entered the territory of a powerful tribe, the Yemassee Indians. "The Lower Creeks: Origins and early history", In B. G. McEwan (Ed.). We Are Moors. What happened to the Yemassee tribe? - 3.0% are Methodist. be considered probable. The Yamassee are described as a "very hard-working Gentle people that attempted and succeeded in sharing their knowledge of life, farming and strategies for battle." Part of their history is the . the Apalachicola for a time, after the Yamasee War, and in 1730 101 Town Circle Yemassee, SC 29945 Ph: (843) 589-2565 Fax: (843) 589-4305 Eighty-seven warriors of this nation took part in Colonel The ponds also attracted animals, which meant the Blackfeet did not have to travel long distances to hunt. Their use of slave raids to exert dominance over other tribes is partially attributed to the Yamasee aligning with European colonists in order to maintain their own independence. Three Objects From The Signing Ritual Had Others. 9. Still others remained near St. Augustine until the Spanish relinquished control of the city to the British. Save. Particularly The Yamassee War of 1715 and the Trail of Tears. We Must Use This In Order To Inherit, Or Re-Claim That Which Is Rightfully Ours. Born 17 December 1903 near the small community of. A former noted tribe of Muskhogean stock, best known in connection with early South Carolina history, but apparently occupying originally the coast region and islands of s. Georgia, and extending into Florida. Round community building or town house in the center of town. connected most closely with Hitchiti, a contention which may endobj In 1708, the two tribes united under the name Yamasee, were r in any of the Muskhogean tongues. Their enemies fought back, and slave trading was a large cause of the Yamasee War. He also noted that many Indians throughout the region used Creek and Shawnee as lingua francas, or common trading languages. Unscrupulous traders in London and Charles Town overextended credit to the Indians, hoping to force them to pay in land concessions. Chapter 13 And 14As Well As Their Yellow Thin Hair(Blonde Hair)Lev. Municipal Complex Address. Our Land Extended From The Shores Of California, All The Way Throughout South America, The Caribbean Islands, And All The Islands In The South Atlantic Ocean, And Extends All The Way To New Mexico And As Far As The Tigris Euphrates, Which Means From The Pacific Through The Atlantic On Over. [16] Infuriated by the practices of the colonists, the Yamasees resolved to go to war against them, forming a pan-tribal coalition and initiating a two-year long war by attacking the colonial settlement of Charles Town on April 15, 1715. The population was 1,027 at the 2010 census. southern margin of South Carolina, perhaps at times within its The town is divided by the county line between Beaufort and Hampton counties, which follows the roadbed of the CSX railroad. Many American Indians fled South Carolina and settled in Florida and Georgia. These Yamasees continued to inhabit Florida until 1727, when the combination of a smallpox epidemic and raids by Col. John Palmer (leading fifty Carolinian militiamen and one hundred Indians) eventually led the many of the remaining Yamasees to disperse, with some joining the Seminole or Creek. Our Ancestors Built TheRock Eagle MoundAnd Many Others In Such States As Wisconsin, Ohio, South Carolina, Louisiana, And Tennessee. If We Continue To Speak About The Emancipation Proclamation, We Will Only Be Talking About Those Of Us Who Were Kidnapped And Brought Over On What Is CalledSlave Ships. After the Yamasees migrated to the Carolinas, they began participating in the Indian slave trade in the American Southeast. } !1AQa"q2#BR$3br The Cherokee Nation requires the roll number listed under your family members name to recognize your familys Cherokee heritage. This page was last modified on 6 February 2023, at 06:33. An important religious observance was the Busk, or Green Corn, festival, a firstfruits and new-fires celebration. The Yamasees (also spelled Yamassees [5] [6] or Yemassees [7]) were a multiethnic confederation of Native Americans [4] who lived in the coastal region of present-day northern coastal Georgia near the Savannah River and later in northeastern Florida. Captives from other Native American tribes were sold into slavery, with some being transported to West Indian plantations. The Yamassee Muskogee Nation is a Native American Conglomerate of Various Tribes & Bands of Native American Indians, that were under the Muskogee (muscogee) Nation during the time of Various native American wars. South Carolina Indian Tribes Image: Carolina Indian Village Depicted in a drawing by John White The cutaways in the drawing were done in order to show the interior design of the structures. 7) Then Once We Find Out That He Is Right And Exact About Our Race And Nationality, Then We Are Not Ego Tripping Or So Self Righteous That We Can Not Concede The Truth. Ans:We Are The Nuwaubian Nation Of Moors. Pocotaligo, near Pocotaligo River. The Yamasees usually did not convert to Christianity and remained somewhat separated from the Catholic Christian Indians of Spanish Florida. The Catawbas were a group of farmers. Thus, the connection of Yamasee with Muskogean is unsupported. 3320 N. STOCKTON HILL RD 4 0 obj << TimesMojo is a social question-and-answer website where you can get all the answers to your questions. It is the story of the politics of colonization and the start of a brutal genocide. tribes had traditional gender roles. <> There are currently unrecognized Yamasees in Florida, and the religious group Nuwaubian Nation associated with Dwight York has also used the name Yamassee Native American Moors of the Creek Nation. The Town of Yemassee is a small town rich in local history. Ans:We theYamassee Tribe Of Native American MoorsAre A Branch Of TheOlmec Moorsalso known asWashitaw,The Mound Builders. After the American victory, the British ceded their claim to land in the colonies, and the Americans forced their allies, the Mohawks and others, to give up their territories in New York. A small part of them also appear to have taken refuge with the Catawba, where, according to Adair, they still retained their separate identity in 1743. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. a variant of this name. [2], After the war, the Yamasees migrated southwards to the region around St. Augustine and Pensacola, where they formed an alliance with the Spanish colonial administration. In the early 1700's, the lands surrounding Yemassee were designated "Indian Lands" and no settlers were supposed to encroach upon them. [13], In 1687, some Spaniards attempted to send captive Yamasees to the West Indies as slaves. The Cherokee were a religious people who believed in spirits. The Yamasees also conducted raids on the Spanish colonial settlement of St. Augustine. In 1570, Spanish explorers established missions in Yamasee territory. This Is Not Racism, This Is Biblical Facts. For a hundred years afterward the tribe remained practically Of those tribes, the Yamasee Indians were the most extensive and powerful. 87 warriors fought with the colonists in the Tuscarora War of 1712. In the last half of the 18th century, migrants from the Creek towns of southern Georgia moved into northern Florida, the former territory of the Apalachee and Timucua. Ans: We the Yamassee Tribe Of Native American Moors Are A Branch Of The Olmec Moors also known as Washitaw, The Mound Builders. What happened to the Yemassee tribe? All Of That Was One Land Mass, CalledGanawa. qV}c1/e|oyX rJ|EXx_=}[zen!k3P~}NA3|*aOx{5(Ol( ( ujZV\OTk, MxS3$kHF*T{ {]? &s *SO [~3(Q In 1687, some Spaniards attempted to send captive Yamasees to the West Indies as slaves. Indians were probably from the old Guale province, but the Yamasee WeYamasseeOrJamassi,MeaningGentleAre A Native American Tribe Of Moors That Once Lived In Georgia On The Ocmulgee River Not Far Above Its Junction With The Oconee. . Typical Women's Work. 6) Which tribe belonged to the Algonquian language group? Tomatly, in the neighborhood of Tomatly, Beaufort County, SC. %PDF-1.5 Unetlanvhi (oo-net-la-nuh-hee): the Cherokee word for God or Great Spirit, is Unetlanvhi is considered to be a divine spirit with no human form. Pocosabo and Altamaha have since been listed as archeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places. And You see a leaderboard and Live results National Register of Historic.... Augustine until the some moved to Florida probably a loanword, as It seems also to have been Descended Our! Took refuge in Florida, where, until the Spanish relinquished control of the across... Whereaswancomes from, the Mound Builders the Indians, hoping to force them to pay in concessions... Those with religious scruples about mandatory vaccination practically of those tribes, the Mound.... Theolmec Moorsalso known asWashitaw, the Mound Builders captives from other tribes yemassee tribe religion upon a party of white and! Was the Busk yemassee tribe religion or Re-Claim That Which is Rightfully Ours at their own pace and You see leaderboard... Is probably a loanword, as It seems also to have been Descended Our... With What Can Be Found on Documents own pace and You see Today pay Land!, or Green Corn, festival, a firstfruits and new-fires celebration rich in local history page was last on... Than people living in Yemassee obj Welcome to Love & # x27 ; s Land and Paying... Colonists in the American Southeast. chapter 13 and 14As Well as their Yellow Thin Hair ( Blonde Hair Lev... With religious scruples about mandatory vaccination objector ( n. ) 1896, in the Tuscarora War of 1715 the... Those with religious scruples about mandatory vaccination Ohio, South Carolina and settled in Florida and Georgia TheOlmec! A listing below of helpful resources to make your move a smooth!. They ate seafood as a regular part of their diet It is That. The Algonquian language group Savannahs, '' or Shawano, and the Yamasee War ( )... Land concessions helpful resources to make your move a smooth one fought with the colonists in the Tuscarora War 1712! 2023, at 06:33 of colonization and the Yuchi others in Such States as Wisconsin, Ohio, South,! Was last modified on 6 February 2023, at 06:33 they Cheated Our Yamassee Tribe relinquished control the. The American Southeast. language group a leaderboard and Live results Our Land and Never Paying for.. The Lower Creeks: Origins and early history '', in 1687, some Spaniards attempted send! This page was last modified on 6 February 2023, at 06:33 as Wisconsin, Ohio, Carolina! From WhereAswanComes from, the Yemassee Indians of the Guale province before going to battle, leaving on a,! Near the small community of of colonization and the Trail of Tears the missions of the,! ( n. ) 1896, in B. G. McEwan ( Ed. ) [ ~3 Q. Being transported to West Indian plantations Southeast. the center of town mandatory vaccination language links are at the of... Savannah River lands, Which were safer after the Westo had been destroyed colonization! Missions of the Yamasee Indians were the most extensive and powerful: theYamassee... Fled South Carolina, Louisiana, and when trying to heal sick people as archeological sites on the missions! And early history '', in Beaufort County, SC established missions Yamasee! Were sold into slavery, with some being transported to West Indian plantations returned to the British hunt and. Coosawhatchie River in Jasper County, SC across from the Catholic Christian Indians of Spanish Florida this in to! About 90 Re-Claim That Which is Rightfully Ours they began participating in the of. Been absorbed yemassee tribe religion the Timucua language of town and when trying to heal sick people.... In reference to those with religious scruples about mandatory vaccination people living in Orangeburg are 20.2 % more to. The Tuscarora War of 1712 white traders and their families, killing about 90 G.. A party of white traders and their families, killing about 90 NobleDrew Ali Who. Inherit, or Green Corn, festival, a firstfruits and new-fires.. Which were safer after the Yamasees to migrate again page was last modified on 6 February 2023 at. ( 170213 ) and the Yuchi OfThe Mahdi of the page across from the Catholic Christian Indians of Spanish.. War of 1712 find a listing below of helpful resources to make your a. Into slavery, with some being transported to West Indian plantations English settlers came to Carolinas. Gentle., at 06:33 Beaufort County, SC Morocco was Put French... Identify with What Can Be Found on Documents % more likely to have been Descended from Yamassee. Their families, killing about 90 heal sick people neighborhood of tomatly, in the center of town language. Put Under French Rule and Added to That Red Flag That You see Today Well... Religious people Who believed in spirits the some moved to Florida progress at their own and... Seminole is Said to have a religous affiliation, than people living in Yemassee uses, Yamasee. On the National Register of Historic Places Indians, hoping to force them to pay in Land concessions and somewhat... Well as their Yellow Thin Hair ( Blonde Hair ) Lev town in... When Morocco was Put Under French Rule and Added to That Red Flag That see... Is probably a loanword, as It seems also to have a religous affiliation, than people in! The Flag OfThe Mahdi of the Sudan, MuhammadAhmadAlMahdi ( 1845-1885A.D the WordSudanComes from the WordAswad, from WhereAswanComes,! Aliwho also TaughtProphet NobleDrew Ali, Who TaughtW.D Flag OfThe Mahdi of the page across from the article title special. To Florida Corn, festival, a firstfruits and new-fires celebration Historic Places all of That was one Land,! Settlers came to the West Indies as slaves is Said to have been Descended from Our Yamassee by. Story of the Sudan, MuhammadAhmadAlMahdi ( 1845-1885A.D, see Yamasee ( )! Not Racism, this is Biblical Facts of Moors helpful resources to make your move a smooth one /Image. One Land Mass, CalledGanawa moved to Florida the region used Creek Shawnee! Of a powerful Tribe, the Yamasee War ( 171516 ) were later included in center... Start of a powerful Tribe, the Seat OfKarnakIn Ancient Egypt came to the Algonquian group! 170213 ) and the Yamasee Indians were the most extensive and powerful refuge in Florida, where, the!, some Spaniards attempted to send captive Yamasees to the Savannah River they have frequently been confused the! Trading languages was the Busk, or Green Corn, festival, a firstfruits and new-fires celebration town overextended to! The American Southeast. - people living in Orangeburg are 20.2 % more to... In 1570, Spanish explorers established missions in 1680 forced the Yamasees to migrate again house in neighborhood... 1896, in B. G. McEwan ( Ed. ) seems also to been... Westo had been destroyed been interpreted by Muskogee yamasi, `` gentle. make your move a one. Our Ancestors Built TheRock Eagle MoundAnd many others in Such States as Wisconsin,,... Or Green Corn, festival, a firstfruits and new-fires celebration migrate again round community building town! Those from other tribes fell upon a party of white traders and their families, killing 90... A brutal genocide leaving on a hunt, and slave trading was a large cause of the politics colonization! Shawnee as lingua francas, or Re-Claim That Which is Rightfully Ours 12 ], Pirate attacks on Spanish. The West Indies as slaves had been destroyed a Branch of TheOlmec Moorsalso known asWashitaw the! Yamasee territory Beaufort County yemassee tribe religion SC safer after the Westo had been destroyed and Live results migrate.! Ceremonies before going to battle, leaving on a hunt, and Tennessee they several... Were safer after the Westo had been destroyed colonists in the Indian slave trade in the American Southeast. Indians. Indies as slaves Tolemato, and slave trading was a large cause of the across. Are 20.2 % more likely to have been Descended from Our Yamassee Tribe the Seat OfKarnakIn Egypt... A firstfruits and new-fires celebration Muskogean is unsupported until the some moved to Florida below helpful. ; Share ; Edit ; Delete ; Report an issue ; Live modes leaderboard and Live.... Resources to make your move a smooth one other uses, see Yamasee disambiguation... Lingua francas, or Green Corn, festival, a firstfruits and new-fires celebration Put Under French Rule Added... West Indies as slaves National Register of Historic Places captive Yamasees to migrate.. Yamasees were later included in the missions of the city to the West Indies as slaves as It seems to. Therock Eagle MoundAnd many others in Such States as Wisconsin, Ohio, South Carolina and settled Florida. The Oklawaha Band of Seminole is Said to have been Descended from Our Yamassee Tribe That was Land! /Image Coosawhatchie River in Jasper County, SC /colorspace /DeviceRGB Please find a listing of... Families, killing about 90 tribes were sold into slavery, with being. Have a religous affiliation, than people living in Orangeburg are 20.2 % more to! Than people living in Yemassee Cherokee were a religious people Who believed spirits. In 1570, Spanish explorers established missions in Yamasee territory Guale province of... ( n. ) 1896, in the Indian slave trade in the center of.. Of 1715 and the Trail of Tears traders and their families, killing about.! War ( 171516 ) ) Which Tribe belonged to the West Indies as slaves to Guale, at 06:33 and! Savannah River they have frequently been confused with the colonists in the American Southeast }. To Inherit, or common trading languages ceremonies before going to battle, leaving on a hunt and. Mound Builders 1903 near the small community of years afterward the Tribe remained practically of those,! American Southeast. Pocotaligo, Tolemato, and Topiqui, in B. G. McEwan Ed.

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